Just-In-Time Production Essays - Business, Economy, Manufacturing

Just-In-Time Production Just-in-time production is considered to be on the leading edge of technological advancement. With improvements in the virtually every industry, maintaining an effective production line while minimizing inventory costs is a very feasible option. Just-in-time systems are designed to keep inventory costs at a minimum, unlike the ways of old, with large warehouses loaded with back inventory. With technology allowing instantaneous communication around the world, production lines and stores do not have to wait for days for inventory delivery. It can happen, well, just-in-time. Many companies are on the verge of switching to a just-in-time inventory system, to compliment the millions of companies that have already implemented the system. It is generally recognized that effective implementation of just-in-time will result in a significant reduction of inventories. As a matter of fact, inventory levels are key indicators for measuring just-in-time performance (Harrison). The just-in-time philosophy on inventory management is simple: - Strive for a level of zero inventories. - Produce items at the rate required by the customer. - Eliminate all unnecessary lead times. - Reduce setup costs to achieve the smallest economical lot size - ideally, a quantity of one. - Optimize material flow from suppliers through the production process to the point of sale of the finished product, so that inventories are minimized. - Ensure high quality and dependable just-in-time delivery from suppliers. - Implement a Total Quality Control (TQC) program, which will minimize scrap, rework and resultant delays in production (Naylor). While the just-in-time inventory management philosophy is simple, execution is not. In a just-in-time environment, the supplier should deliver raw materials and other purchased items when they are needed. A blanket purchase order or other suitable form of basic agreement should cover the terms and conditions for procurement. Delivery of the item should be direct to the point of use in the manufacturing plant. It is time consuming and not cost-effective for the materials to be handled in one part of a production line before it is moved to the correct location. It is up to the supplier to ensure a smooth flow of material to support production, which is obtained through optimum communication and coordination between the manufacturing plant and the supplier. It is integral that there is a working relationship between suppliers and the controller of the manufacturing plant. The supplier should be considered by the manufacturing company as an extension of the plant and should be included in all planning which involves his products. Certain individuals in the production plant should be selected to represent the company on matters pertaining to schedules and delivery quantities (Naylor). Several techniques exist for controlling the flow of material from the supplier to the manufacturing company. The specific technique should be selected which would best suit the implementation of the just-in-time concept for the particular item being purchased. Automatic inventory replenishment by the vendor is a technique where the supplier determines the need for required materials based on frequent deliveries to the plant. Depending on the nature of the production process as well as the material involved, this could range from many times a day to a less frequent interval. Visual review of existing inventory by the supplier will determine how much to deliver (Slack). The method of inventory control is not foreign to U.S. commerce and industry; visit a supermarket and see how the baker delivers his goods. He replenishes the baked goods based on a visual review of what is on the shelves. The same is true for soda and candy vendor machines. Those using oil to heat their home are certainly familiar with this type of inventory system; the driver comes by the house periodically and fills the tank. Implementing just-in-time may result in increased transportation costs due to smaller lot sizes and more frequent deliveries. However, in some industries such as chemicals there are significant trade-offs between the economy of longer lead-time and less flexible rail shipments versus more frequent tanker truckloads. Each of these cases must be examined on its own merits and on a continuing basis to determine the optimum solution (Slack). Just-in-time requires flow of material in the exact quantity required and at the exact time; the key word is exact. Regardless of the specific method used to achieve this exact material flow, there must be

Essay of Education of African Americans - What Is Required?

Essay of Education of African Americans - What Is Required?A sample essay of education of African Americans will help you know how to write an essay on the topic. If you want to know how to write an essay of education of African Americans, then you should read this article so that you can understand the requirements of this topic.As this is a topic about education, it is important that you have a thorough knowledge about the topic so that you can write a well-written essay on this topic. If you want to learn about the topic, then you should go to different sources and read about it. This article will be helpful for you so that you can get the basic information about the topic.The first requirement for writing an essay of education of African Americans is that you need to have some life experiences or events in your life. You can collect some story of your life to tell about your life experiences. This will be helpful to understand about the issue and the subject of the education of A frican Americans.The second requirement for writing an essay of education of African Americans is that you should have an understanding about the educational level of the African Americans. You can ask the teacher or the principal of the school you want to write an essay on. You can also ask your parents or the relatives to ask them about the educational level of African Americans so that you can find out what their answers are.Knowledge about the topic is the third requirement for writing an essay of education of African Americans. You can ask your friends or relatives about their knowledge about the topic so that you can get the relevant information. It will be helpful if you have a comparative idea about the topic.Experience is the fourth requirement for writing an essay of education of African Americans. If youare new to writing an essay, then you can try reading some sample essays of other students in the college. There are some books that you can buy that can help you learn ab out the topic in an easy way.Writing an essay of education of African Americans is not a difficult task if you have all the basic information. If you know the basic information about the topic, then you can start writing an essay of education of African Americans with ease. So, if you want to learn more about this topic, then you should read this article.